R I K A

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

City Transportation or public transportation is one means of transportation within cities and between cities that are widely used in Indonesia, such as minibus or van type car driven by a chauffeur and sometimes assisted by a kenek. The task is to call the passenger and driver assist the driver in vehicle maintenance (changing tires, fill the fuel, and others). Each department differentiated by coloror by number off leet.
City Transportation actually only allowed to stop at certain bus stops halte-halte/Tempat, but in practice, all public transportation drivers will stop their vehicles anywhere for raising and lowering passengers. Other violations do is put people and luggage in amounts exceeding the capacity of the car, and the back door is not completely closed or not closed tightly. Such violations are usually overlooked by officials because of weak law enforcement system.
Public transportation tariffs are usually set by local government, but people who ride short distances or school children usually pay less. This is not formulated in the written rules, but it became common practice. All public transportation in Indonesia have yellow number plates with black writing, together with other public vehicles. Microbus is public transport like public transportation in Jakarta. But the microbus has the distinction, namely typically form bermoncong car and light blue. Microbus base in Jakarta, including in

NAMA : RIKA AZHAR
KELAS : 4EA01
NPM : 10206824

TRAIN

Railway transportation of the vehicle is moving down the tracks. rail transportation equipment which is widely used by people because the price is very cheap rate. if we use this train trip we will quickly because it would avoid the problem of traffic congestion. the train has some class, economy class trains depart from station to station jakarta bogor rates prevailing in 2000, Executive class train or called ferns depart from the station towards jakarta bogor or otherwise applicable tariff for 11 000 in other classes is that you only pay for the economic ac 5500 one way in which this class is cheaper than economy class air-conditioned express class is more comfortable than regular economy class. in the economy class train a lot of merchants that offer merchandise at a price below the market price. other than that in the train in economy class a lot of singers who sing and a lot of beggars. stations in through, if its direction from bogor economic train will stop at the station cilebut, Bojong BIG, citayem, depok old, new depokj, cottage china, ui, up, Lenteng grand, western cape and other stations until the last stop of the station jakarta. ferns while the train just stopped at certain stations. Sometimes in by train, we'll see the problems such as interference experience train so that we will experience delays.

Inside the train, we often see people who lost their belongings such as mobile phones and wallets due to pickpockets. These pickpockets in action at the time the train usually in overcrowded conditions. plundering in addition to the train, we often see people who perform sexual freedom.

easier Bogor public transpotation
Some 60 km south of Jakarta, Bogor is the "bo" of the massive Jabotabek conurbation, with 3,000,000 people or so of its own. The town was the capital of Indonesia during the brief British occupation, and under the name Buitenzorg was also the summer capital of the Dutch in the hot dry season. Located 290 meters above sea level, Bogor is noticeably cooler than the torrid lowlands, and the place where many of the Indonesian elite have their villas. Once a place of beauty, rapid development has turned central Bogor into the same congested mess as every other Indonesian city, but there are still rivers, canals, red-roofed houses, mosques, churches, trees, flowers and views of nearby Mount Salak to be had. Bogor's epithet is Kota Hujan, meaning "City of Rain". Statistically, it's the rainiest city on Java, and locals jokingly advise getting any sightseeing done in the morning because it's guaranteed to rain in the afternoon. Then again, tramping through the Gardens can actually be more pleasant in a cool drizzle. Lovers of Bogor will tell you that most of the time it is dry; normally, the rain falls only in heavy bursts late in the day.
How to get in
By plane : The nearest airport would be Jakarta's Soekarno-Hatta Airport. There are direct Damri buses from there to Bogor. If you charter helicopter from Soekarno Hatta airport, you can request (in advance) for permission to land at Atang Senjaya airport, Bogor. This airport is a military base, but will be used for civilian flights in the future.
By train : Eksekutif-class trains called Pakuan depart Jakarta's Kota station, with a stop in Gambir, roughly hourly (RP 11000). Ekonomi-class trains depart Jakarta's Kota station every 20 minutes or so, but can be crowded beyond belief and it didn't stop in Gambir. Another class is Economy-AC. You only pay for Rp 5.500 per trip from Jakarta. This train class is cheaper and more comfortable.
By bus : Buses from Bogor to Bandung take about three hours, except on weekends when they're not allowed to use the Puncak pass and have to loop through Sukabumi, adding an hour to the trip.
By car : The easiest way to get to Bogor is to hire a car and a driver; this is relatively cheap; the journey time is about one hour. There is more than one road to Bogor, and the minor roads are often the most interesting. By toll highway, Bogor is about 40 minutes from Jakarta. During traffic jam (rush hours), it will take 80 to 120 minutes. Many commuters stay in Bogor and work in Jakarta. On weekend and holidays, the trip from Jakarta to Bogor may take up to 3 hour

RIKA AZHAR
10206824
4EA01

Persahabatan sangat indah sekali bila kita bisa menjaga persahabatan itu dengan baik. sahabat berbeda dengan teman. kita bisa mendapatkan teman dengan sangat mudah sekali, tapi untuk mendapatkan sahabat itu sangat sulit sekali. sahabat merupakan orang yang selalu ada disaat kita terpuruk, sahabat adalah orang yang selalu memberikan motivasi kepada kita, sahabat adalah orang yang sangat berharga bagi kita, sahabat orang yang selalu memberikan inspirasi bagi kita.
Terkadang dalam persahabatan itu ada saja masalah-masalah yang timbul, disini lah persahabatan di uji. Apakah dengan masalah yang timbul ini persahabatan tetap utuh, apakah dengan ada masalah persahabatan putus begitu saja. Dalam persahabatan kekompakan sangat penting sekali. I love u deh ma sahabat.....

Bakso sangat familiar bagi kita semua,hampir semua orang menyukai makanan ini. Selain harga nya yang relatif terjangkau, rasa bakso pun sangat enak di lidah. Sekarang bakso pun beraneka ragam bentuk dan rasa. Ada yang berbentuk bulat, ada yang berbentuk gepeng, ada yang berbentuk segitiga, ada juga yang kotak,rasa nya pun beraneka ragam, dari rasa sapi, rasa ayam, rasa buah-buahan juga sayuran.
walaupun ada isu tentang formalin dan minyak babi tapi bakso tetap saja digemari oleh semua orang.

April 28, 2010

Arvin be
We have received three (3) separate complaints concerning loud noise on your side of the garage. The tenants of the immediate adjoining houses have all let me know that there seems to be “events” happening on the weekends in your garage space
The garages are for parking only. Excessively loud noise is not acceptable. We are in neighborhood of families and must respect their concerns.
If we reccieve furthere complaints,we will ask you to leave
I have tried to contact you on the number that you have listed on your information sheet. It does not appear to be in service.(02518641492) please let us know how to reach you,
Shoul an emergency arise while you are away. Please leave us you new contact information with your next rent payment. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact me at 025190505885 9am-6pm.

Rika azhar


General Manager

Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs Jakarta with PT Shell Indonesia for the second time, will be holding workshops to 200 students entrepreneurial cooperatives Indonesian Youth (Kopindo) on May 1, 2010 in Semarang, Central Java. Mujayin, Chairman Kopindo, explaining Kopindo who have a member of the Student Cooperative (Kopma) at 105 universities of Indonesia, shall utilize that momentum as a tool for the creation of young entrepreneurs kadernya.

"We must prepare cadres, because of the tendency of students is relatively minimal. In pascaperkuliahan, they only have one mission, namely to find a job, although there are some who intend to become entrepreneurs," said Mujayin to Business, last weekend. According to him, trying agaranggota Kopindo Kopma as the next generation must not be employees or civil servants (PNS).

Therefore, candidates are always encouraged through activities kewirusahaan being emboldened the government through the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs. The drive was conducted, a.I. by elevating the success of several members who have Kopindo entrepreneurship in the field of timber industry, printing and information technology. While Mujayin current status as suppliers of various commodities from raw palm fiber.

According Mujayin, success stories Kopindo members should be disclosed so that they are more inspired to new entrepreneurs, especially for programs responding to the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs in the field of creation of new entrepreneurs from among the educated, scholar (Sl). Membership Kopindo currently scattered in 105 private and public universities with the status of primary cooperatives.

Source: Binis Indonesia
http://www.depkop.go.id/Media% 20Massa/815-mahasiswa-dapat-pelatihan-bisnis.html
komentar: acara semacam ini sangat berguna bagi mahasiswa,karena ini mungkin bisa menjadi inspirasi disaat sudah lulus perkuliahan.se hingga mereka bisa melakukan macam-macam bisnis.

Key Success In Business
1. Hard work, enthusiasm and dedication. Business owners must be committed to succeed and are willing to spend time and effort to realize its business.

2. Market demands are not widely available. For example if in one spot there was only a bakery, then another bakery would likely succeed, compared with those in place when the existing 20 bakeries. Here, employers are required to observant look at the market.

3. Managerial competence. Successful entrepreneurs usually have enough knowledge about what they have to do. They can be obtained through training2 competence, experience or draw upon the expertise of others.

4. Luck. Anyway good luck still plays determine the success of a business.

posted by Santi at 9:16 PM DR Siregar 13 comments
Main Causes of Failure in Business
According to the study, 60% of all new businesses are not reaching the age of six years (Business; Griffin & Ebert). Here are some things that affect.

1. Lack of managerial ability or experience.
Most businesses started by people who have no experience. Many people believe that management is "common", whereas if the entrepreneurs do not know how to make business decisions, most likely in the long term they will fail.

2. Negligent. After the opening, usually the enterprener back and not focus on the business. Starting a business requires a commitment of time and hard work in earnest.

3. Lack of control. Control systems help the businessmen to monitor costs, production levels, etc.. When the control system does not show the control on initial levels, mk entrepreneurs will be the next big problem facing difficulties.

4. Capital is not enough. A business must have enough capital to survive without income for six months. New business owners almost certainly will fail if they expect to pay all the bills in the second month by relying kuntungan in the first month.

posted by Sprott DR Siregar at 9:13 PM 6 comments
Franchises Small Scale
Starting a new business is something that is heavy and the greater the risk of failure. While buying an existing business (franchise) is also very heavy in terms of cost. For prospective entrepreneurs who do not have the experience and did not have enough capital, then became one of the products MLM distributor can be used as an option.

Many people look at negatively MLM marketing strategy. When in fact, this business is just one form of marketing strategy with a franchise system, but on a small scale and with too little capital. Each member is an authorized distributor that is bound to certain obligations and also has a certain freedom in accordance with the rules of the parent company. Similarly, large retailers such franchises KFC, Mc Donald, or laundry Laundrette.

Start a New Small Business
There are two ways to create a new business venture:

1. Starting a business from scratch
Some entrepreneurs feel more content with owning a business and decide everything myself. Starting from the product, management style, determination and lain2 suppliers. However, the risk of failure was higher than that by buying a franchise because the company name is not known.

2. Buying an existing business
What is meant by buying here are buying a license or franchise. Business itself is usually already known to man, we just continue with the requirements determined by the franchisor. Lack of buying this business is, employers are not free to determine the desired products and management. But the profits are, the smaller the possibility of failure due to an established name that has been owned by the business itself.

The business consultants and lenders generally recommend that new entrepreneurs who
do not have the experience to choose the second way, because of the possibility of failure is smaller.
http://kiatusahakecil.blogspot.com/
komentar: kunci sukses bisnis ini sangat penting sekali bagi orang-orang yang ingin melakukan bisnis,disini kita bisa tahu kiat kiat dala bisnis,sehingga menjadi tolak ukur dalam melakukan bisnis itu sendiri...

Penganugerahan hadiah Nobel kepada DR. M. Yunus dari Banglades atas usaha memberantas kemiskinan dengan menumbuhkan dan memajukan UKM di negaranya merupakan bukti pengakuan dunia atas peran penting UKM bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat dunia.

UKM merupakan sektor usaha yang bersentuhan langsung dengan aktifitas ekonomi rakyat sehari-hari. Dalam skala usahanya yang kecil, bahkan sangat kecil sehingga disebut mikro, UKM tidak jarang harus hidup dengan cara gali lubang tutup lubang. Sangat minim bahkan ada yang sama sekali tidak pernah mengalami sentuhan manajemen usaha, segala seuatunya berjalan begitu saja, sebagai suatu wujud komitmen untuk menghidupi keluarga, melayani sesama, memberikan pekerjaan kepada saudara atau tetangga. Tak heran sektor ini paling sering dikelompokkan sebagai yang tidak bankable (tidak memenuhi syarat untuk dilayani kredit perbankan).

Meskipun tidak bankable, selalu saja ada pihak tertentu yang melayani sektor UKM dalam hal pemenuhan kebutuhan modal kerja atau modal usahanya, baik itu secara individual, sebagai suatu usaha bersama, maupun oleh lembaga keuangan formal. Ada pihak-pihak tertentu yang mengkoordinir penghimpunan dana secara kolektif untuk mendukung penyediaan dana yang pemanfaatannya secara bergulir, ada pula yang secara terang-terangan berperan sebagai rentenir, menyediakan pinjaman uang secara cepat dengan mengenakan bunga pinjaman yang sangat tinggi. Pihak-pihak tersebut ada yang operasionalnya memiliki landasan hukum, ada pula yang sama sekali tidak.

Ironis memang, UKM yang diakui peranannya dalam mengerakkan perekonomian, sering kali merupakan pihak yang sangat lemah posisinya dalam berhubungan dengan sumber modal/dana. Gambaran di atas memang tidak mengambarkan kondisi nyata UKM secara keselurahan, akan tetapi secara kasat mata memang masih banyak nasib UKM yang cukup miris. Ada cukup banyak pula UKM yang sudah relatif maju, memiliki manajemen usaha yang memadai, telah berhubungan dan bahkan mendapat pinjaman dari Bank.

Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana menumbuhkan UKM-UKM baru dan melakukan penguatan terhadap UKM yang sudah ada? Ini adalah sebuah tantangan yang perlu mendapat perhatian kita semua, karena dengan banyaknya UKM yang kuat dan mandiri, akan memperkokoh perekonomian nasional dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi yang secara berkala pasti mampir dalam perekonomian di banyak negara.

Sebagaimana diungkapkan diawal tulisan ini, bahwa UKM terbukti relatif tangguh dalam menghadapi badai krisis ekonomi. Kondisi ini sebenarnya juga disadari dan diidentifikasi oleh beberapa lembaga keuangan besar, sebagai peluang penyaluran kredit yang potensial. UKM dipandang potensial, karena secara kumulatif merupakan pangsa pasar yang besar dan terbukti memiliki ketangguhan yang tinggi dalam menghadapi krisis ekonomi. Akan tetapi, sebagaimana karakteristik UKM yang beroperasi secara sederhana, banyak pula yang belum tertata dalam manajemen usaha yang sederhana sekalipun, sehingga merupakan hambatan besar untuk dapat memiliki akses ke dunia perbankan.

Ada beberapa pihak yang secara khusus berkecimpung dan ikut menghantarkan cukup banyak UKM menjadi usaha yang lebih besar, kuat dan mandiri. Diantaranya Lembaga Koperasi Simpan Pinjam, atau mulai dikenal sebagai Credit Union (CU), Bank Perkreditan Rakyat dan Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). CU sangat aktif mengenalkan pecatatan dan perencanaan keuangan kepada masyarakat, sekaligus sebagai sarana rekrutmen dan pembinaan anggotanya. BPR dalam peran intermediasinya banyak memberikan edukasi manajerial kepada UKM sehingga layak mendapatkan pinjaman modal dari Bank. BRI sebagai bank yang tertua di Indonesia, adalah bank yang paling dikenal dan tersebar luas untuk melayani transaksi perbankan sampai masyarakat perdesaan, meskipun belakangan juga sangat aktif mengarap transaksi-transaksi besar di perkotaan.

Berbagai pihak telah memainkan peran positifnya dalam menumbuhkan dan mengokohkan sektor UKM, akan tetapi sampai saat ini UKM belum mampu secara signifikan menunjukkan kedigdayaannya dalam perekonomian di Indonesia, hanya sebatas potensi yang perlu dikembangkan. Berbagai hambatan dalam pengembangan UKM belum berhasil ditangani secara komprehensif, bahkan seringkali terkesan tumbang tindih hingga dicurigai ditunggangi agenda politik tertentu. Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri dan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR), oleh sebagian pihak dianggap menafihkan pranata ekonomi yang ada dan dicurigai sebagai kebijakan populis menjelang perhelatan akbar politik pada tahun 2009.

PNPM Mandiri dan KUR adalah program yang bersifat stimulus, motivasional, dan temporer. Program-program tersebut akan sangat bermanfaat apabila mampu menumbuhkan kemandirian masyarakat dalam mengelola ekonominya, sehingga pada tahapan selanjutnya telah dapat berinteraksi secara mandiri dengan lembaga ekonomi yang ada dalam sistem perekonomian nasional. Karenannya sasaran yang tepat program-proram tersebut haruslah pada masyarakat belum memiliki akses kepada lembaga keuangan formil yang ada. Dengan program yang ada dan edukasi melalui pendampingan, maka UKM-UKM yang tumbuh dari masyarakat diharapkan dapat berdiri mandiri dan bersaing dengan kelompok usaha lainnya, bahkan menjadi soko guru bagi perekonomian nasional. Untuk itu pemerintah juga harus mendorong berdirinya lembaga-lembaga ekonomi dan keuangan yang dapat diakses dengan mudah oleh segala lapisan masyarakat.

Penyebaran lembaga keuangan yang dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh segala lapisan masyarakat adalah kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk mengakserasi pertumbuhan dan penguatan UKM-UKM. Diantaranya Koperasi, khususnya CU, dan BPR. Perkembangan CU di Kalimantan Barat belakangan ini cukup membanggakan, terutama didukung oleh pelaksanaan edukasi anggota/calon anggota yang konsisten dan upaya-upaya pengembangan kemampuan manajerial yang telah mendapat perhatian serius dari Pengurus CU. Akan tetapi secara umum, perkembangan perkoperasian kita belumlah terlalu mengembirakan, faktor tidak adanya kwalifikasi atau kompetensi standar yang ditetapkan untuk calon pengurus Koperasi dan lemahnya pembinaan maupun pengawasan pihak berwenang, menjadikan banyak Koperasi hanya berdiri sebatas papan nama atau dalam kondisi mati suri. Alternatif lain untuk mengisi kebutuhan lembaga keuangan yang mampu menstimulus dan mengakserasi pertumbuhan dan penguatan UKM di daerah-daerah adalah dengan mendirikan BPR di derah-daerah.

Tak dapat dipungkiri bahwa keberadaan lembaga keuangan, termasuk bank, sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu daerah. Peran penting akan semakin nyata apabila bank melaksanakan fungsi intermediasinya dengan baik di daerah tempat bank beroperasi.

Sesuai dengan karakteristik dan cakupan wilayah kerjanya, BPR memiliki kepentingan yang besar untuk memajukan ekonomi masyarakat daerah. Sedapat mungkin BPR menghimpun sebanyak-banyaknya dana menganggur yang ada di masyarakat setempat untuk kemudian menyalurkan sebanyak-banyaknya bagi masyarakat sekitarnya yang membutuhkan dana untuk berbagai keperluan yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung akan berdampak pada peningkatan aktifitas ekonomi, khususnya UKM.

Pendirian BPR yang diatur dengan undang-Undang Perbankan dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia tentu bukan proses yang mudah. Berbagai persyaratan penting pendirian BPR antara lain terkait dengan kemampuan finansial dan track record Calon Pemegang Saham, kompetensi dan kelayakan Calon Pengurus, serta Analisis Potensi dan Kelayakan Pendirian BPR, dimaksudkan agar kahadiran BPR dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup orang banyak, khususnya bagi daerah setempat.

Sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, BPR hanya dapat didirikan dan dimiliki oleh Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI), Badan Hukum Indonesia yang seluruh pemiliknya WNI, atau Pemerintah Daerah (Pemda), atau beberapa pihak diantaranya.

Beberapa Pemda di Indonesia, baik daerah Kabupaten/Kota maupun Provensi, telah mengambil peran aktif memajukan perekonomian daerahnya dengan mendirikan BPR, baik yang dimiliki Pemda sendiri maupun bekerja sama dengan pihak lain. BPR-BPR yang dimiliki Pemda tergabung dalam Persatuan BPR Milik Pemda (Perbamida) yang saat ini beranggotakan sekitar 370 BPR. Di seluruh Indonesia saat ini terdapat lebih dari 1700 BPR dan sebagian besar tergabung dalam Perhimpunan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Indonesia (Perbarindo). Di Kalimantan Barat, potensi untuk mendirikan BPR masih cukup terbuka, bahkan dibeberapa daerah Kabupaten masih ada yang belum memiliki BPR, padahal idealnya keberadaan BPR bisa sampai pada tingkat kecamatan.

Saatnya kita menghadirkan lebih banyak lembaga keuangan/pembiayaan yang dikelola secara profesional dan mampu melayani kebutuhan seluruh lapisan masyarakat, khususnya UKM, sehingga perekonomian daerah maupun nasional menjadi kokoh ditopang oleh UKM-UKM yang kuat dan mandiri.
http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5602439787405552518
komentar: Ukm merupakan penghalau krisis setuju sekali, dimana ukm merupakan aset yang sangat penting bagi negara untuk meningkatkan devisa.banyak ukm-ukam yang barang-barangnya di ekspor kenegara lain sehungga pendapatan negara pun akan bertambah besar dari kegiatan ini. sehingga krisis ekonomi sedikit-sedikit akibat adanya kegiatan ini.

Internet dan Kehidupan Sosial

Beberapa tahun terakhir ini suatu tren baru mulai berkembang pada orang-orang yang meluangkan waktu mereka untuk online ke jaringan internet. Komputer dengan teknologi Internet tidak lagi menjadi sesuatu yang mengisolasi seseorang dari dunia luar dan menjadikan penggunanya seorang introvet, tetapi justru membuat orang-orang yang tadinya tidak saling kenal bisa menjalin hubungan di antara mereka. Hal itu bisa dibuktikan dengan adanya fasilitas Internet yang digunakan.

Sebelum adanya teknologi ini, orang-orang di sekitar hanyalah mereka yang
secara fisik tinggal di sekitar kita. Adanya telepon memungkinkan kita berinteraksi dengan orang-orang yang jauh dari kita. Demikianlah pula Internet telah menghubungkan kita dengan komunitas masyarakat yang tadinya tidak saling kenal.

Kemajuan teknologi komunikasi Internet memungkinkan kita untuk tetap menjaga hubungan dengan teman atau saudara yang berada jauh dari kita secara lebih mudah, cepat serta murah. E-mail adalah salah satu contoh teknologi tersebut.

Demikianlah Internet telah mengubah konsep sosialisasi manusia. Jika zaman dulu konsep interaksi sosial manusia adalah kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh beberapa orang yang bertatap muka secara langsung, kini konsep tersebut semakin diperluas dan tidak hanya terbatas oleh ruang dan waktu.

Internet dan Politik

Beberapa waktu yang lalu orang berpendapat bahwa orang yang menguasai ilmu pengetahuan adalah orang yang memiliki kekuasaan, tetapi sekarang pendapat tersebut sedikit berubah karena orang yang dianggap memiliki kekuasaan adalah orang yang menguasai informasi. Politik juga merupakan masalah kekuasaan, sehingga sumber informasi bisa menjadi alat politik yang efektif.

Teknologi Internet dapat dianalogikan sebagai suatu jalan raya informasi bebas hambatan, siapapun yang terkoneksi dengan jaringan ini bisa mencari dan memberikan informasi mengenai apapun. Hal ini membawa dampak pula dalm aspek kehidupan politik. Dalam waktu singkat peristiwa demonstrasi berdarah yang terjadi di Tiananmen Square di Beijing tersebar dan dibicarakan banyak orang di seluruh dunia, apalagi berita penyerangan Amerika Serikat terhadap Irak semuanya dapat dilihat dengan jelas. Oleh sebab itu Itnernet dapat diguanakan untuk memajukan demokrasi karena tidak ada hal yang dapat disembunyikan dan siapapun memiliki kebebasan untuk menyatakan pendapat mereka. Tetapi sebalik nya Internet dapat juga dipakai untuk membentuk opini publik dengan menyebarkan informasi tertentu demi mencapai tujuan politik entah yang sifatnya baik maupun jahat yang dilakukan oleh perorangan maupun kelompok.

http://go-kerja.com/kehidupan-sosial-vs-internet/
komentar: internet sangat penting sekali bagi kehidupan sosial. dalam teknologi internet kita bisa menjalin komunikasi atau berhubungan baik dengan teman lama atau pun baru, sehingga tali persaudaraan dan pertemanan tidak akan terputus begitu saja.selain itu huga internet sebagai media untuk memudahkan mencari sesuatu yang kita butuh kan, misalnya mencari tugas-tugas, mengirim e mail....jadi intinya internet sangat penting bagi kehidupan kita

Akhir-akhir ini fenomena kenakalan remaja makin meluas. Bahkan hal ini sudah terjadi sejak dulu. Para pakar psikolog selalu mengupas masalah yang tak pernah habis-habisnya ini. Kenakalan Remaja, seperti sebuah lingkaran hitam yang tak pernah putus. Sambung menyambung dari waktu ke waktu, dari masa ke masa, dari tahun ke tahun dan bahkan dari hari ke hari semakin rumit. Masalah kenalan remaja merupakan masalah yang kompleks terjadi di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Sejalan dengan arus modernisasi dan teknologi yang semakin berkembang, maka arus hubungan antar kota-kota besar dan daerah semkain lancar, cepat dan mudah. Dunia teknologi yang semakin canggih, disamping memudahkan dalam mengetahui berbagai informasi di berbagai media, disisi lain juga membawa suatu dampak negatif yang cukup meluas diberbagai lapisan masyarakat.

Kenakalan remaja biasanya dilakukan oleh remaja-remaja yang gagal dalam menjalani proses-proses perkembangan jiwanya, baik pada saat remaja maupun pada masa kanak-kanaknya. Masa kanak-kanak dan masa remaja berlangsung begitu singkat, dengan perkembangan fisik, psikis, dan emosi yang begitu cepat. Secara psikologis, kenakalan remaja merupakan wujud dari konflik-konflik yang tidak terselesaikan dengan baik pada masa kanak-kanak maupun remaja para pelakunya. Seringkali didapati bahwa ada trauma dalam masa lalunya, perlakuan kasar dan tidak menyenangkan dari lingkungannya, maupun trauma terhadap kondisi lingkungannya, seperti kondisi ekonomi yang membuatnya merasa rendah diri.

Mengatasi kenakalan remaja, berarti menata kembali emosi remaja yang tercabik-cabik itu. Emosi dan perasaan mereka rusak karena merasa ditolak oleh keluarga, orang tua, teman-teman, maupun lingkungannya sejak kecil, dan gagalnya proses perkembangan jiwa remaja tersebut. Trauma-trauma dalam hidupnya harus diselesaikan, konflik-konflik psikologis yang menggantung harus diselesaikan, dan mereka harus diberi lingkungan yang berbeda dari lingkungan sebelumnya. Pertanyaannya : tugas siapa itu semua ? Orang tua-kah ? Sedangkan orang tua sudah terlalu pusing memikirkan masalah pekerjaan dan beban hidup lainnya. Saudaranya-kah ? Mereka juga punya masalah sendiri, bahkan mungkin mereka juga memiliki masalah yang sama. Pemerintah-kah ? Atau siapa ? Tidak gampang untuk menjawabnya. Tetapi, memberikan lingkungan yang baik sejak dini, disertai pemahaman akan perkembangan anak-anak kita dengan baik, akan banyak membantu mengurangi kenakalan remaja. Minimal tidak menambah jumlah kasus yang ada." (sumber Whandi.net/1 jan 1970).

Kenakalan remaja, merupakan salah si anak? atau orang tua? Karena ternyata banyak orang tua yang tidak dapat berperan sebagai orang tua yang seharusnya. Mereka hanya menyediakan materi dan sarana serta fasilitas bagi si anak tanpa memikirkan kebutuhan batinnya. Orang tua juga sering menuntut banyak hal tetapi lupa untuk memberikan contoh yang baik bagi si anak. Sebenarnya kita melupakan sesuatu ketika berbicara masalah kenakalan remaja, yaitu hukum kausalitas. Sebab, dari kenakalan seorang remaja selalu dikristalkan menuju faktor eksternal lingkungan yang jarang memerhatikan faktor terdekat dari lingkungan remaja tersebut dalam hal ini orangtua. Kita selalu menilai bahwa banyak kasus kenakalan remaja terjadi karena lingkungan pergaulan yang kurang baik, seperti pengaruh teman yang tidak benar, pengaruh media massa, sampai pada lemahnya iman seseorang.

Ketika kita berbicara mengenai iman, kita mempersoalkan nilai dan biasanya melupakan sesuatu, yaitu pengaruh orangtua. Didikan orangtua yang salah bisa saja menjadi faktor sosiopsikologis utama dari timbulnya kenakalan pada diri seorang remaja. Apalagi jika kasus negatif menyerang orangtua si remaja, seperti perselingkuhan, perceraian, dan pembagian harta gono-gini. Mungkin kita perlu mengambil istilah baru, kenakalan orangtua.

Orang tua, sering lupa bahwa prilakunya berakibat pada anak-anaknya. Karena kehidupan ini tidak lepas dari contek-menyontek prilaku yang pernah ada. Bisa juga karena ada pembiaran terhadap perilaku yang mengarah pada kesalahan, sehingga yang salah menjadi kebiasaan. Para orang tua jangan berharap anaknya menjadi baik, jika orang tuanya sendiri belum menjadi baik. Sebenarnya nurani generasai ingin menghimbau “Jangan ajari kami selingkuh, jangan ajari kami ngomong jorok, tidak jujur, malas belajar, malas beribadah, terlalu mencintai harta belebihan dan lupa kepada Sang Pencipta, yaitu Allah.”

Tulisan ini mencoba mengajak merenung bagi kita para orangtua, bahwa kenakalan tak selalu identik dengan remaja, tapi justru banyak kenakalan yang dilakukan oleh para orangtua (di rumah, di masyarakat, dan di pemerintahan) yang akhirnya juga menjadi inspirasi remaja untuk berbuat nakal. Menyedihkan memang! (sumber O. Solihin)

Kenakalan orangtua dalam ikatan keluarga

Contohnya seperti :

Suka berkata-kata kasar, suka menghujat atau memaki, mengajari anak untuk melakukan perlawanan ketika anak diganggu orang lain, suka menyakiti anak secara fisik dan psikis, merokok seenaknya di depan anak-anak, dl (masalah akhlak).

Mengabaikan pelaksanaan syariat, sholat misalnya, banyak juga kita orang tua yang mengabaikan sholat, melalaikan sholat, bahkan tidak pernah sholat, membiarkan anak-anak gadisnya tidak menutup aurat, membiarkan anak-anaknya bergaul bebas (pacaran), membiarkan anak-anaknya minum-minuman keras, dll.


Kenakalan orangtua di masyarakat

Contohnya seperti :

Menciptakan suasana yang tidak produktif (bapak-bapaknya), misalnya waktu pagi, siang dan malam suka nongkrong sambil main gaple, atau main catur, walau tidak pakai uang, ini sama saja artinya tidak menjaga kehormatan diri, apalagi kehormatan keluarganya (istri dan anak-anaknya)? Sedangkan yang ibu-ibunya suka ngumpul sambil berghibah atau memfitnah, menghambur-hamburkan uang dengan gaya hidup yang konsumtif yaitu belanja di mall atau supermarket, bergaya hidup mewah.
Menyediakan sarana kemaksiatan, ini misalnya, jadi bandar narkoba, jadi bandar judi, menyediakan tempat hiburan (diskotik).

Pendidik yang lalai, ini bisa kita lihat di sekolah atau di kampus, padahal lembaga pendidikan adalah tempat yang aman untuk menimba ilmu pengetahuan atau belajar, tapi kenyataannya banyak pendidik yang memberikan contoh yang tidak baik terhadap anak didiknya, misalnya melakukan perbuatan asusila, menganiaya anak didiknya secara fisik, menjual ilmu demi keuntungan materi atau sering melakukan dosa pendidikan.
Menjadi pemilik media massa (baik cetak maupun elektronik: koran, majalah, tabloid, radio, televisi, dan juga internet) yang ‘hobi’ menampilkan bacaan, gambar dan tontonan yang merusak akhlak (pornografi, kekerasan, dan seks bebas) yang berlindung atas nama bisnis.

Kenakalan orangtua di pemerintahan
Contohnya seperti :
Suka korupsi, mengambil kebijakan menaikkan biaya pendidikan, menaikkan harga BBM, mahalnya biaya kesehatan, suka membuat janji-janji tapi lalu melupakannya, suka melakukan pungli atau suap menyuap.
Suka melanggengkan kemaksiatan, memberi izin untuk usaha prostitusi/lokalisasi, perjudian, tempat diskotik, pabrik minuman keras, dengan dalih besar pemasukannya.
Menutup mata terhadap problem yang diakibatkan usaha prostitusi, perjudian, narkoba, peredaran minuman keras, diskotik, dll.
Menerapkan aturan kehidupan yang tidak benar dan tidak baik, yakni Kapitalisme-Sekularisme (termasuk juga Sosialisme-Komunisme).

Marilah kita uraikan satu persatu petuah atau nasihat-nasihat yang kita berikan sebagai orangtua kepada anak-anak kita padahal kita melakukan dan tidak melakukannya :


Kita melarang anak kita berbicara kasar, padahal kita sering berkata-kata kasar pada anak kita.

Kita melarang anak kita tawuran atau ringan tangan, padahal kita sering menganiaya mereka anak-anak kita secara fisik, kita suka berkelahi di depan anak-anak kita, suka adu jotos di forum terhormat gedung lembaga legislatif ketika bersidang karena merasa tidak sepaham, yang di saksikan anak-anak kita langsung lewat televisi.

Kita melarang anak kita berbohong atau jujur, padahal sudah berapa kebohongan yang kita ciptakan kepada anak-anak kita.

Kita melarang anak kita mengkonsumsi narkoba, padahal kita sendiri adalah pemakai dan bandar narkoba itu sendiri.

Kita melarang anak kita bergaul bebas atau pacaran, padahal kita sendiri juga melakukan hal yang sama bergaul bebas baik dilingkungan masyarakat, maupun lingkungan kantor yang terkenal dengan nama selingkuh.

Kita melarang anak-anak kita minum-minuman keras dan berjudi, padahal kita adalah bandar judi dan pemilik pabrik menuman keras serta peminum dan penjudi.

Kita melarang anak kita merokok, padahal dirikita sudah sering membakar uang, dengan merokok di depan mata mereka, dan kita juga menjual rokok dan pemilik pabrik rokok.

Kita marah ketika anak kita tidak sholat, atau beribadah, padahal kita suka melalaikan bahkan tidak menunaikan kewajiban sholat.

Kita menghimbau agar anak-anak kita jangan mengkonsumsi tayangan yang pornografi, padahal dirikita sering menonton tayangan, membaca, mengakses situs-situs porno tersebut, bahkan kitalah yang memiliki media cetak, penulis naskah, membeli media-media pornografi tersebut.

Kita melarang anak-anak kita untuk menonton televisi terus menerus, padahal kita pengkonsumsi paling utama siaran televisi sampai tidak tidur.

Kita sering menasehati anak-anak kita untuk tidak berghibah atau memfitnah oranglain, padahal dirikitalah yang suka berghibah dan memfitnah itu.

Kita marah ketika tahu anak-anak kita sering nongkrong dan keluar malam, padahal kita juga melakukan hal yang sama, terkadang waktu shubuh baru pulang ke rumah.

Kita menasehati anak kita agar rajin sekolah, tetapi kita juga malas bekerja, bahkan sering mangkir dari kantor.

Kita mengeluhkan mengapa anak kita malas membaca, padahal kita juga sangat jarang memiliki kebiasaan membaca.

Kita sering mengajari mereka anak-anak kita untuk tidak melawan kepada orangtuanya, padahal kita dulunya juga suka melawan orangtua kita.

Kita marah ketika tahu anak kita suka mencuri, padahal kita sering mencuri uang negara, atau sering mendapatkan rejeki yang tidak halal.
http://www.ubb.ac.id/menulengkap.php?judul=Kenakalan%20Remaja%20Atau%20Kenakalan%20Orang%20Tua&&nomorurut_artikel=72

komentar: menurut saya kenakalan remaja bukan saja di sebabkan oleh orang tua saja, tetapi disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor luar yang berhubungan langsung dengan kehidupan remaja itu sendiri. untuk mengatasi kenakalan remaja ini,menurut saya harus ada campur tangan antara anak dan orang tua. orang tua harus lebih banyak memperhatikan anak-anaknya jangan selalu memperhatikan urusannya, anak merupakan titipan yang diberikan allah jadi sebagai orang tua harus pinter-pinternya menjaga anak.dan dari remaja itu sendiri mereka harus sadar akan segala sesuatu yang dilakukannya, apakah baik atau tidak.

Dizaman yang serba sulit ini banyak orang yang mengalami situasi yang tidak mereka inginkan. Dimana faktor keterbatasan ekonomi menjadi alasan utama untuk melakukan perbuatan-perbuatan yang tidak semestinya mereka lakukan. Pencurian,penyalahgunaan narkoba menjadi mata pencaharian yang paling instant yang mereka pilih, Karena mereka tidak membutuhkan waktu lama untuk dan modal yang besar.
Di jalan-jalan kita sering melihat banyak orang yang terkena depresi, mungkin itu disebabkan oleh tekanan ekonomi yang membelit mereka. Ini mungkin dikarenakan oleh faktor kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan ataupun kurangnya pendidikan mereka sehingga mereka tidak bisa mendapatkan pekerjaan,dimana kebutuhan mereka banyak sehingga jiwa mereka tidak bisa menerima itu semua dan mengakibatkan mereka depresi. Untuk memecahkan masalah ini mungkin harus diperbanyaknya lapangan pekerjaan yang tersedia,sehingga mereka bisa memenuhi kebutuhan mereka.

semalam memang hujan,
tapi bukan hujan yang menidurkan hati
kita terlampau lelah berbincang sepanjang masa
tanpa suara tanpa titik temu
pikirkan saja tentang eksistensi hujan
ketika hujan datang orang-orang sibuk berbincang
berjam-jam menunggu

hujan adalah rencana yang tersusun dalam benak
atau malah tertulis dalam agenda orang-orang sibuk
sesekali hujan berkisah tentang orang-orang romantis
yang bertemu manja tapi tak bisa berbuat apa-apa
selain menghitung-hitung rintik air yang jatuh
dari atap mengenai kaleng butut di belakang gudang

hujan lebat sekali semalam,
tapi hati kita tak sejuk karenanya
dia nyatanya tak bisa mencairkan hati kita
api terlanjur membesar
tak kan padam
oleh hujan sepanjang tahun sekalipun

sudahlah berhentilah menyalahkan hujan
hujan memang tak kan mengerti tentang perasaan kita
hujan tak kan tahu dengan obsesi kita
hujan juga tak kan paham apa yang kita pikirkan
sudahlah berhentilah menyesali hujan
kita hanya ingat hujan telah memberi kita arti
jadi, tak ada alasan membenci hujan

semalam memang hujan,
lebat sekali
tapi kita tetap tak mengerti
apakah hujan masih merahasiakan sesuatu
badan kuyup tapi yang kurasa panas menyengat

Dear Lanz maura and Bambang praditia

I send you my heartiest congratulations on the arrival of the little bundle of joy in your life. I know you both were waiting for this moment since a long time and I am glad to see your dream come true.
It is surely a moment of great happiness and both of you must be really overjoyed. I am extremely happy to hear that little zendach assyakur is doing fine, and I wish him a healthy and happy life ahead. You must be really proud of him guys!!!
It must definitely be a busy time for both of you, but I am sure you must be enjoying the whole thing, and every moment. I wish you both many enjoyable and memorable days ahead with your precious little one.

Congrats again!

Love,

Rika Azhar

Sunday, June 28, 2009 | 19:17 pm

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com-Director, Center for Information and Development Studies (CIDES), Umar Juoro estimates, 2010 outlook of the Indonesian economy can be good if the world economy began to recover.

"If the world economy recovers, the Indonesian economic growth can return to levels around 6 percent," he said in Jakarta, Sunday (28 / 6).

Umar said the economic growth of about 6 percent of the course to encourage export activities, and of course, will import more positive, also for invetasi impact inside and outside the country. "Moreover, if the infrastructure development program, both in the scheme kebijakaan economic stimulation as well as ongoing programs may experience significant growth," he said.

Umar assess Indonesian economic development challenges ahead than the problems of infrastructure development is to balance economic growth. The orientation of the sector more sustainable growth and create employment opportunities tend to be relatively large, especially in the manufacturing sector.

Problems of infrastructure development, according to him, not in terms of financing, but more to do with structural issues such as land acquisition, tariffs and other legal certainty. "Of course these structural problems can not be solved immediately, but at least a gradual improvement will encourage the development of a better economy," said Umar.

Indonesia's economic growth noted at the time of global crisis, he explained, until the first quarter - 2009 reached 4.4 percent, mainly supported by private consumption which grew 5.8 percent and government spending. Similarly, even experienced negative growth in exports of more than 20 percent, but the trade balance and current account is still positive because the negative import growth is greater than exports.

Recent strategic value of the rupiah and stock market indices also experienced a significant strengthening because of the prospect that Indonesia's economy seen either so investors began pouring their funds into the market is expected to give high results, especially in emerging markets commodity markets.

"The strengthening of the rupiah and the stock market index is predicted will continue, although at a particular moment happened correction. So do not over-estimate the value of the rupiah will be through a range of numbers USD 9500 per U.S. dollar and the stock market index reaches 2300," said Umar Juoro.

http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2009/06/28/19175042/Prospek.Perekonomian.Indonesia.2010.Akan.Baik

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com — Target pertumbuhan produk domestik bruto (PDB) yang dipatok oleh pemerintah tahun ini sebesar 5,5 persen diperkirakan akan tercapai. Taimur Baig selaku Ekonom Senior Deutsche Bank menyatakan, pertumbuhan ekonomi global yang mulai pulih sejak akhir tahun 2009 akan memengaruhi Indonesia untuk membangun ketahanan ekonominya terhadap dampak krisis ekonomi global.

"Tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang berkesinambungan dan pasar keuangan domestik yang kuat membuat Indonesia relatif kebal terhadap krisis keuangan global. Ini menjadi landasan kuat bagi perekonomian yang stabil dan pertumbuhan yang berkelanjutan di 2010," kata Taimur di Jakarta, Selasa (19/1/2010).

Deutsche Bank memperkirakan pertumbuhan ekonomi 2010 akan didorong oleh investasi dan sektor perdagangan. Ini berbeda dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi 2009 sebesar 4,3 persen yang sebagian besar didorong oleh pertumbuhan konsumsi.

"Dengan sektor perekonomian dan manufaktur yang semakin kokoh sepanjang tahun lalu, perekonomian Indonesia di tahun 2010 semakin kuat," tuturnya.

Secara global, pihaknya memperkirakan pertumbuhan PDB dunia mencapai 3,9 persen pada tahun 2010. Sementara PDB Amerika Serikat diperkirakan tumbuh 3,6 persen pada 2010, Jepang tumbuh 1,1 persen, dan negara-negara Uni Eropa yang menggunakan mata uang euro 1,5 persen.

Adapun tingkat inflasi diperkirakan mencapai rata-rata 6 persen tahun ini atau berada pada kisaran yang ditargetkan Bank Indonesia (BI), yaitu 4-6 persen.

http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2010/01/19/12384057/Perekonomian.Indonesia.2010.Semakin.Kuat

Economy and Trade

Indonesia's economy, south-east Asia's largest, has grown robustly since Asia's 1997–1999 financial crisis. Indonesia's economy, south-east Asia's largest, has grown robustly since Asia's 1997-1999 financial crisis. Economic reforms and better fiscal management became a priority after 2004, after the succession of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, following the country's first direct election, which ended decades of authoritarian rule. Economic Reforms and better fiscal management became a priority after 2004, after the succession of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, following the country's first direct election, which ended decades of Authoritarian Rule. GDP growth rose from 5.5% in 2006 to 6.3% in 2007, the highest in a decade, but in 2008 it dipped to an estimated 5.9%. GDP growth rose from 5.5% in 2006 to 6.3% in 2007, the highest in a decade, but in 2008 it dipped to an estimated 5.9%. Indonesia's debt-to-GDP ratio has fallen, and, in 2003, it graduated from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan program. Indonesia's debt-to-GDP ratio has fallen, and, in 2003, it graduated from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) loan program. The region's main oil and gas producer, it became a net importer of oil in 2004, as a result of ageing wells and low levels of investment. The region's main oil and gas producer, it became a net importer of oil in 2004, as a result of aging wells and low levels of investment. Exports include oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber, and palm oil. Exports include oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber, and palm oil. Indonesia, which is Asia's third most populous country, has faced costly natural disasters , including the 2004 tsunami, and three earthquakes in 2005–2006. Indonesia, which is Asia's third most populous country, has faced Costly natural disasters, including the 2004 tsunami, and three earthquakes in 2005-2006. Its legal system remains weak, while bureaucracy and lack of infrastructure impede foreign investment. Its legal system remains weak, while bureaucracy and lack of infrastructure impede foreign investment.

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Economic Policy over 12 Months Economic Policy over 12 Months

The high oil price dented the Indonesian government's budget in 2008 because of high fuel subsidies. The high oil price dented the Indonesian government's budget in 2008 because of high fuel subsidies. In March 2008, the fuel subsidy was forecast to cost US$11.53 billion for that year, more than double the original forecast. In March 2008, the fuel subsidy was forecast to cost U.S. $ 11.53 billion for that year, more than double the original forecast. The government announced in May 2008 that Indonesia would leave OPEC, and focus instead on boosting its own lagging oil and gas industry. The government announced in May 2008 that Indonesia would leave OPEC, and focus instead on boosting its own lagging oil and gas industry. This was, in part, a political move to highlight escalating oil prices. This was, in part, a political move to highlight the escalating oil prices. In an unpopular development during the same month, the government also raised domestic fuel prices by 29%. In an unpopular development during the same month, the government also raised domestic fuel prices by 29%.

In February 2009, the government sanctioned a US$6 billion stimulus package that included tax breaks , cuts in electricity subsidies, and increased spending on transport and infrastructure. In February 2009, the government sanctioned a U.S. $ 6 billion stimulus package that included tax breaks, cuts in electricity subsidies, and increased spending on transport and infrastructure. Suharso Monoarfa, deputy chairman of the parliamentary committee, said the package would curb rising unemployment, sustain consumer spending , and strengthen businesses. Suharso Monoarfa, deputy chairman of the parliamentary committee, said the package would Curb rising unemployment, sustain consumer spending, and strengthen businesses.

Monetary policy has been conducted within an inflation-targeting regime since mid-2005, when the former policy of monetary targeting was scrapped. Monetary policy has been conducted within an inflation-targeting regime since mid-2005, when the former policy of monetary targeting was scrapped. Following an upsurge in 2005–2006 as a result of fuel price hikes, inflation was brought under control, and ended 2007 within the desired range of 5–7%. Following an upsurge in 2005-2006 as a result of fuel price hikes, inflation was brought under control, and ended in 2007 within the desired range of 5-7%. However, it had risen to 10.5% in February 2009. However, it had risen to 10.5% in February 2009. Even so, the central bank felt able to reduce interest rates to 7.75% the following month. Even so, the central bank felt able to reduce interest rates to 7.75% the following month.

To help ease its US$11.6 billion budget deficit , Indonesia sold US$3 billion of bonds in February 2009. To help ease its U.S. $ 11.6 billion budget deficit, Indonesia sold U.S. $ 3 billion of bonds in February 2009. The country had already raised US$4.2 billion from dollar-denominated bond sales during 2008. The country had already raised U.S. $ 4.2 billion from dollar-denominated bond sales during 2008. In February 2009, Indonesia was also one of 13 Asian nations that pooled US$120 billion of foreign-exchange reserves in an attempt to stem the flight of capital out of south-east Asia. In February 2009, Indonesia was also one of 13 Asian nations that Pooled U.S. $ 120 billion of foreign-exchange reserves in an attempt to stem the flight of capital out of south-east Asia.

On March 3 2009, the World Bank approved a US$2 billion contingency loan on which the government can draw, should market liquidity or access to international or domestic credit tighten. On March 3rd 2009, the World Bank approved a U.S. $ 2 billion contingency loan on which the government can draw, should market liquidity or access to international or domestic tighten credit. The loan was part of US$5.5 billion contingency financing for Indonesia, which could include US$1.0–1.5 billion each from Australia, Japan, and the Asian Development Bank . The loan was part of U.S. $ 5.5 billion contingency financing for Indonesia, which could include U.S. $ 1.0-1.5 billion each from Australia, Japan, and the Asian Development Bank.

Joachim von Amsberg, the World Bank 's Indonesia director, said that Indonesia had reduced its debt-to-GDP ratio by more than any major economy in the region—from 55% in 2004 to 30% in 2008. Joachim von Amsberg, the World Bank's Indonesia director, said that Indonesia had reduced its debt-to-GDP ratio by more than any major economy in the region-from 55% in 2004 to 30% in 2008. “The strong macroeconomic management of previous years is now paying off,” he said. "The strong Macroeconomic management of previous years is now paying off," he said.

The success or failure of the stimulus package is expected to be critical to the political fortunes of President Yudhoyono as he seeks re-election in July 2009, after the parliamentary polls of April 2009. The success or failure of the stimulus package is expected to be critical to the political fortunes of President Yudhoyono as he seeks re-election in July 2009, after the parliamentary polls of April 2009.

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Economic Performance over 12 Months Economic Performance over 12 Months

Indonesia is weathering the international financial storm better than many other countries. Indonesia is Weathering the international financial storm better than many other countries. The economy grew by 5.9% in 2008, and the government of President Yudhoyono expects it will grow by 4.5% in 2009. The economy grew by 5.9% in 2008, and the government of President Yudhoyono expects it will grow by 4.5% in 2009.

The country, classed as an emerging economy , has practised prudent fiscal management, backed by reforms of its financial sector. The country, classed as an emerging economy, has practised prudent fiscal management, backed by Reforms of its financial sector. In early 2008, however, it suffered an exogenous shock because of the rising price of food, especially staples such as wheat, soybeans, and rice, and crude oil. In early 2008, however, it suffered an exogenous shock because of the rising price of food, especially staples such as wheat, soybeans, and rice, and crude oil.

In a bid to prop up the value of the rupiah, the central bank has been tapping into its foreign currency reserves . In a bid to prop up the value of the rupiah, the central bank has been tapping into its foreign currency reserves. In March 2009, the currency sank to around IDR11,700 to the US dollar, well below the earlier forecast of IDR9,400. In March 2009, the currency sank to around IDR11, 700 to the U.S. dollar, well below the earlier forecast of IDR9, 400. The rupiah was worth IDR2,000 to the US dollar before the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998. The rupiah was worth IDR2, 000 to the U.S. dollar before the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998.

However, the weakness of the rupiah does not seem to have outweighed the slump in demand for Indonesia's key commodities. However, the weakness of the rupiah does not seem to have outweighed the slump in demand for Indonesia's key commodities. In January 2009, overseas shipments fell by 35.5% to US$7.15 billion, their biggest fall in 22 years. In January 2009, overseas shipments fell by 35.5% to U.S. $ 7.15 billion, their biggest fall in 22 years.

The leading destination for Indonesian exports is Japan. The leading destination for Indonesian exports is Japan. Other big export markets include Singapore, the United States, China, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. Other big export markets include Singapore, the United States, China, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia. Indonesia's exports, however, are only equivalent to about one-third of its GDP, so it is less vulnerable to swings in global demand than some of its Asian neighbors. Indonesia's exports, however, are only equivalent to about one-third of its GDP, so it is less vulnerable to swings in global demand than some of its Asian neighbors. Indonesia is expected to become a net exporter of rice for the first time in more than 30 years during 2009, with a production of 60.93 million tonnes, up by about 1% on 2008. Indonesia is expected to become a net exporter of rice for the first time in more than 30 years during 2009, with a production of 60.93 million tonnes, up by about 1% on 2008. As a consequence, the domestic retail price of the staple did not suffer its customary first-quarter hike. As a consequence, the domestic retail price of the staple did not suffer Customary its first-quarter hike.

Indonesia's fiscal deficit is expected to broaden to an average of 2.8% of GDP in 2009–2010 as the country seeks to ride out the global downturn. Indonesia's fiscal deficit is expected to broaden to an average of 2.8% of GDP in 2009-2010 as the country seeks to ride out the global downturn.

The country's central statistics agency said, in February 2009, that unemployment had climbed to 8.39% of the country's total workforce of 111.9 million in August 2008. The country's central statistics agency said, in February 2009, that unemployment had climbed to 8:39% of the country's total workforce of 111.9 million in August 2008.

Indonesia's problems with corruption were highlighted by the conviction, in October 2008, of the central bank 's ex-governor, Burhanuddin Abdullah, for embezzling some US$12.6 million from the bank. Indonesia's problems with corruption were highlighted by the conviction, in October 2008, of the central bank's ex-governor, Burhanuddin Abdullah, for embezzling some U.S. $ 12.6 million from the bank. In a related case, four other former central bankers were charged with graft in February 2009. In a related case, four other central former Bankers were charged with graft in February 2009. They have denied wrongdoing. They have denied wrongdoing.

The IMF is more pessimistic about the outlook for the Indonesian economy than the government. The IMF is more pessimistic about the outlook for the Indonesian economy than the government. In January 2009, it projected that GDP growth would fall to 3.5% in 2009 before recovering to 4% in 2010. In January 2009, it projected that GDP growth would fall to 3.5% in 2009 before recovering to 4% in 2010. The Economist Intelligence Unit is gloomier, forecasting growth will slow to 1.9% in 2009, before recovering to 2.2% in 2010. The Economist Intelligence Unit is gloomier, forecasting growth will slow to 1.9% in 2009, before recovering to 2.2% in 2010.

http://www.qfinance.com/country-profiles/indonesia

Southeast Asia's largest economy expanded 5.4 percent in the three months to Dec. 31 from a year earlier after gaining 4.2 percent in the third quarter, the statistics office said in Jakarta today. 31 from a year earlier after Gaining 4.2 percent in the third quarter, the statistics office said in Jakarta today. The median forecast in a Bloomberg News survey of 18 economists was for a 5 percent increase. The median forecast in a Bloomberg News survey of 18 Economists was for a 5 percent increase.

Asian economies from China to Vietnam are picking up speed after policy makers boosted spending and slashed borrowing costs to counter the global recession . Asian economies from China to Vietnam are picking up speed after policy makers boosted spending and slashed borrowing costs to counter the global recession. Credit Suisse Group AG said Indonesia and other countries in the region are less vulnerable to sovereign risks than some Europe an nations as Asian debt levels are lower and more sustainable. Credit Suisse Group AG said Indonesia and other countries in the region are less vulnerable to sovereign risks than some Europe's nations as the Asian debt levels are lower and more sustainable.

“Indonesia's financing situation compares favorably to many of its regional and rating peers, not to mention the weak links in the European Union ,” Cem Karacadag , an economist at Credit Suisse in Singapore, said before the report. "Indonesia's financing situation compares favorably to many of its regional and rating peers, not to mention the weak links in the European Union," Cem Karacadag, an economist at Credit Suisse in Singapore, said before the report. “The government's financing situation is manageable and Indonesia's creditworthiness is gradually but steadily improving.” "The government's financing situation is manageable and Indonesia's creditworthiness is Gradually but steadily improving."

The Indonesian government's financing requirements will be about 4 percent of gross domestic product this year, less than half of those of India and the Philippines, and less than a quarter of those of Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey , according to Credit Suisse estimates. The Indonesian government's financing requirements will be about 4 percent of gross domestic product this year, less than half of those of India and the Philippines, and less than a quarter of those of Greece, Portugal, Spain, and Turkey, according to Credit Suisse estimates .

Greek Tragedy Greek Tragedy

Europe an officials, who are meeting at a summit in Brussels tomorrow, are considering assistance for Greece after the country's deficit threatened financial-market stability. Europe's officials, who are meeting at a summit in Brussels tomorrow, are considering assistance for Greece after the country's deficit threatened the financial-market stability. The Euro 's slide to a nine-month low and surging bond yields prompted leaders to drop their resistance to rescuing Greece and protect the rest of the Euro region from market turmoil . The euro's slide to a nine-month low and surging bond yields prompted leaders to drop their resistance to rescuing Greece and protect the rest of the euro region from market turmoil.

Asia is “relatively risk free” from contagion from Europe as the region's governments mainly use domestic markets to fund their deficits and debt levels are within sustainable limits, CIMB Investment Bank Bhd. Asia is "Relatively risk free" from contagion from Europe as the region's governments mainly use domestic markets to fund their deficits and debt levels are within sustainable limits, CIMB Investment Bank Bhd.. said in a Feb. said in a February 8 report. 8 report.

Indonesia's economy expanded 4.5 percent in 2009, according to today's report. GDP shrank 2.4 percent in the fourth quarter from the previous three months. Indonesia's economy expanded 4.5 percent in 2009, according to today's report.'s GDP shrank 2.4 percent in the fourth quarter from the previous three months.

Indonesia has fared better than its neighbors during the global slump as it relies less on exports and consumer confidence has been buoyed by the most stable political climate since the ouster of former dictator Suharto in 1998. Indonesia has fared better than its neighbors during the global slump as it relies less on exports and consumer confidence has been buoyed by the most stable political climate since the ouster of former dictator Suharto in 1998.

“For Indonesia, the risks have nothing to do with politics,” Nikhil Srinivasan , who helps manage about $30 billion as Singapore-based chief Invest ment officer for Asia and the Middle East at Allianz Invest ment Management, said in an interview in Jakarta before the report. "For Indonesia, the risks have nothing to do with politics," Nikhil Srinivasan, who helps manage about $ 30 billion as Singapore-based chief Invest ment officer for Asia and the Middle East at Allianz Invest ment Management, said in an interview in Jakarta before the report. “The only worry is making sure they push infrastructure so that growth can be more than 5 percent.” "The only worry is making sure they push infrastructure so that growth can be more than 5 percent."

Consumer Confidence Consumer Confidence

The Jakarta benchmark stock index increased 87 percent last year and the rupiah gained 16 percent, the best performance from an Asian currency outside Japan, as foreign funds sought to take advantage of Indonesia's strengthening economy. The Jakarta stock benchmark index increased 87 percent last year and the rupiah gained 16 percent, the best performance of the Asian currency from outside Japan, as foreign funds sought to take advantage of Indonesia's strengthening economy.

Growth in Indonesia's $514 billion economy has been supported by rising consumer confidence, which according to a central bank index rose in January to near the five-year high recorded in July 2009 when President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was elected to a second term. Growth in Indonesia's $ 514 billion economy has been supported by rising consumer confidence, which according to a central bank index rose in January to near the five-year high recorded in July 2009 when President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was elected to a second term.

Yudhoyono, 60, has pledged to double spending on roads, seaports and airports to $140 billion over the next five years, part of his push to deliver economic growth of at least 6.6 percent by the end of 2014. Yudhoyono, 60, has pledged to double spending on roads, seaports and airports to $ 140 billion over the next five years, part of his push to deliver economic growth of at least 6.6 percent by the end of 2014.

Car Sales Car Sales

Consumer spending is also benefitting from low Inflation , said economists including Alexander Eric Sugandi from Standard Chartered Plc. Consumer spending is also benefitting from Low Inflation, said Economists including Eric Alexander Sugandi from Standard Chartered Plc. in Jakarta. Inflation slowed to a decade low of 2.78 percent last year. in Jakarta. Inflation Slowed to a decade low of 2.78 percent last year.

Indonesian car sales rose to 148,598 units in the fourth quarter from 140,585 a year earlier, according to data from Indonesia's Car Association. Indonesian car sales rose to 148.598 units in the fourth quarter from 140.585 a year earlier, according to data from Indonesia's Car Association. Sales may increase to between 550,000 and 600,000 this year from 486,061 in 2009, according to Joko Trisanyoto , PT Toyota Astra Motor's marketing director. Sales may increase to between 550.000 and 600.000 this year from 486.061 in 2009, according to Joko Trisanyoto, PT Toyota Astra Motor's marketing director.

PT Krakatau Steel , Indonesia's largest producer of the metal, expects sales to increase by 20 percent to 19 trillion rupiah ($2 billion) this year due to possible demand from government infrastructure projects, Irvan K. PT Krakatau Steel, Indonesia's largest producer of the metal, expects sales to increase by 20 percent to 19 trillion rupiah ($ 2 billion) this year due to possible demand from government infrastructure projects, Irvan K. Hakim, marketing director of the company, said on Feb. Judge, marketing director of the company, said on February 8. 8.

Indonesia's central bank cut its benchmark interest rate by 3 percentage points between December 2008 and August last year to shield the nation from the global recession . Indonesia's central bank cut its benchmark interest rate by 3 percentage points between December 2008 and August last year to shield the nation from the global recession. The policy rate has since been maintained at 6.5 percent. The policy rate has since been maintained at 6.5 percent.

The Philippine economy expanded 1.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 from a year earlier and China's GDP increased 10.7 percent. The Philippine economy expanded 1.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2009 from a year earlier and China's GDP increased 10.7 percent.

Indonesia's “economic upswing remains on track, with domestic demand leading the way,” said Ashira Perera, an economist at Capital Economics Ltd. Indonesia's "economic upswing remains on track, with domestic demand leading the way," said Ashira Perera, an economist at Capital Economics Ltd.. in London. in London.

To contact the reporter on this story: Aloysius Unditu in Jakarta at aunditu@blomberg.net To contact the reporter on this story: Aloysius Unditu in Jakarta at aunditu@blomberg.net
Last Updated: February 9, 2010 23:31 EST Last Updated: February 9, 2010 23:31 ET
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Economic management is not an exact science. One wag once wrote that an economic reform usually has precisely the opposite effect of what was intended. One Wag once wrote that the economic reform has usually precisely the opposite effect of what was intended. A bit of an exaggeration but nonetheless a reminder that the best of good intentions can go badly wrong. A bit of an exaggeration but a reminder that Nonetheless the best of Good Intentions can go badly wrong.

Yet the problems at this stage of a boom in an emerging market are well documented and highly repetitive. Yet the problems at this stage of a boom in the emerging markets are well documented and highly repetitive. For however open and fair an economy the introduction of excessive growth - in this case due to a massive spike in oil revenues - will produce particular strains: notably capacity and supply constraints and accompanying inflation. However for an open and fair economy of the introduction of excessive growth - in this case due to a massive spike in oil revenues - will produce particular strains: notably capacity and supply constraints and Accompanying inflation.

This is most obvious in housing rents. This is most obvious in housing rents. There is a limited housing stock which can not be expanded overnight. There is a limited housing stock which can not be expanded overnight. A boom produces strong demand for housing and so rents rise, unless the government steps in to cap rentals. A boom produces strong demand for housing and so rents rise, unless the government steps in to cap rental.

Capping rents Capping rents

A government cap on rents is an effective policy at a late stage in a boom to prevent huge rent rises from crippling local residents. A government cap on rents is an effective policy at a late stage in a huge boom to prevent crippling rent rises from local residents.

However, if it becomes a long-term policy it will distort the local construction sector by making it uneconomic to build housing units as building costs will rise even if rents do not. However, if it becomes a long-term policy it will Distort the local construction sector by making it uneconomic to build housing units as building costs will rise even if rents do not. This will make the shortage of homes even worse, and encourage landlords to neglect their properties. This will make the shortage of homes even worse, and encourage landlords to neglect their properties.

Rent control is why parts of New York look like slum dwellings, and that is a shame in one of the world's richest cities. Rent control is why parts of New York look like slum Dwellings, and that is a shame in one of the world's Richest cities. But private sector real estate investors have to make a profit to survive and if that process is interrupted then there are market consequences. But private sector real estate investors have to make a profit to survive and if that process is interrupted then there are the market consequences.

Indeed, probably the most effective economic policy in a boom period is the maximum liberalization of an economy and the elimination of old barriers to free trade and investment. Indeed, probably the most effective economic policy in a boom period is the maximum liberalization of the economy and the elimination of old barriers to free trade and investment. It is much easier to do this when an economy is booming and everybody is doing well, and the long term gain from greater efficiency is well documented in economic theory. It is much easier to do this when an economy is booming and everybody is doing well, and the long term gains from greater efficiency is well documented in economic theory.

Rationing policy Rationing policy

For example, one response to a shortage of building materials and high prices is to introduce a control on price inflation. For example, one response to a shortage of building materials and high prices is to introduce a control on price inflation. But this will then shift the onus of limited supply on to some kind of rationing criteria instead of price as it does nothing to tackle the underlying issue of lack of supply. But this will then shift the onus of limited supply on to some kind of rationing criteria instead of price as it does nothing to tackle the underlying issue of lack of supply.

Far better is a free market approach which will allow the sourcing of building materials from anywhere in the world at the lowest cost. Far better is a free market approach, which will allow the sourcing of building materials from anywhere in the world at the lowest cost. A similar approach can also be applied to skilled labor. A similar approach can also be applied to skilled labor. Much better to recruit worldwide than insist on finding suitably qualified nationals of the country concerned as they may not exist. Much better to recruit worldwide insist on finding than suitably qualified Nationals of the country Concerned as they may not exist.

In fact one reason for the strength of the current economic boom in the Middle East is a generally free market approach to labor, a notable contrast to the closed economies of the Western world whose economies go short of IT professionals rather than import them from certain nations. In fact one reason for the strength of the current economic boom in the Middle East is a generally free market approach to labor, a notable contrast to the closed economies of the Western world whose economies go short of IT professionals rather than import them from certain nations .

http://www.ameinfo.com/101120.html

Aku lihat artikel perusahaan Kecil membantu dunia menantang UEA penurunan (Januari 24). Though the UAE is indeed an easy place to establish small businesses, it has far to go in terms of establishing a regulatory framework which nurtures them. Meskipun UEA memang tempat yang mudah untuk mendirikan usaha kecil, telah jauh pergi dalam hal membangun kerangka peraturan yang memelihara mereka.

As the business director for a boutique film production company based in Abu Dhabi, I am continually encountering government clients bound by auditing policies which mandate overwrought contractual terms more appropriate to large-scale industrial contracts. Sebagai direktur bisnis untuk sebuah perusahaan produksi film butik yang berbasis di Abu Dhabi, saya terus-menerus menghadapi klien pemerintah terikat oleh kebijakan audit yang tegang mandat istilah kontrak lebih cocok untuk industri skala besar kontrak. Advance payment guarantees, performance bonds, and tender bonds are not only inappropriate to many media industries but they drive small businesses out of the game. Jaminan uang muka, performance bond, dan obligasi tender tidak hanya pantas untuk banyak industri media tetapi mereka mengusir usaha kecil keluar dari permainan.

If Abu Dhabi is serious about nurturing an economy of entrepreneurs, it needs to create a business environment in which they can realistically participate. Jika Abu Dhabi serius memelihara perekonomian dengan pengusaha, diperlukan untuk menciptakan lingkungan bisnis di mana mereka dapat secara realistis berpartisipasi.

ES , Abu Dhabi ES, Abu Dhabi

Ekonomi yang baik tidak hanya berdasar pada modal. A good economy is one that has worked hard to diversify and create knowledge-based sustainability like Singapore and Scandinavia. Ekonomi yang baik adalah salah satu yang telah bekerja keras untuk diversifikasi dan menciptakan kesinambungan berbasis pengetahuan seperti Singapura dan Skandinavia.

With the amount of natural resources and thus massive cash flow that the UAE has, it should be the most progressive place on the planet and a blueprint for every emerging market. Dengan jumlah sumber daya alam dan dengan demikian besar arus kas bahwa UAE telah, harus menjadi tempat paling progresif di planet dan cetak biru untuk setiap emerging market. It is trying to and it will get there but it is not government management that gives it a good economy. Ini adalah mencoba dan akan sampai di sana tetapi tidak penuh pemerintah yang memberinya ekonomi yang baik. It is two things: input from the expat workforce (skilled labour and innovation) and its own liquid assets (liquid in cash and liquid in oil, to be precise). Ini adalah dua hal: input dari tenaga kerja expat (tenaga kerja terampil dan inovasi) dan aset cair sendiri (cair dalam bentuk uang tunai dan cair dalam minyak, tepatnya).

Once the local population, due to properly structured Emiratisation, has been woven into the fibre of the culture and entrepreneurs and innovators spring out of the national collective, backed with government funding, you will see a truly good economy. Begitu penduduk lokal, karena benar terstruktur Emiratisation, telah terjalin ke dalam serat kebudayaan dan pengusaha dan inovator musim semi keluar dari kolektif nasional, didukung dengan dana pemerintah, Anda akan melihat ekonomi yang benar-benar baik.

Mick D , Dubai Mick D, Dubai

Ostrobogulous language article Artikel bahasa Ostrobogulous

In his opinion article An ostrobogulous journey through a godwottery of words (January 23), Colin Randall says readers may find exploration of obscure words ostrobogulous. Dalam artikel opini ostrobogulous Sebuah perjalanan melalui kata godwottery (Januari 23), Colin Randall mengatakan eksplorasi pembaca dapat menemukan kata-kata yang tak jelas ostrobogulous. Well, not ostrobogulous in terms of “indecent, pornographic”, but certainly “interesting and bizarre”. Well, tidak ostrobogulous dalam hal tidak senonoh, pornografi ", tapi jelas" menarik dan aneh ".

I only managed two out of the seven (“accidie” and “godwottery”) but I thank him for providing interesting additions to my vocabulary. Aku hanya dikelola dua dari tujuh ( "accidie" dan "godwottery") tapi aku berterima kasih padanya untuk memberikan tambahan menarik kosakata saya. Just wait till my next Scrabble game with my daughter, though some of them have too many letters. Tunggu sampai permainan Scrabble berikutnya dengan putri saya, meskipun beberapa dari mereka memiliki terlalu banyak huruf. I can just hear her protests about “brendice”. Aku bisa mendengar protes tentang "brendice".

Sheona Hutcheson , Gibraltar Sheona Hutcheson, Gibraltar

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kita sering sekali melihat anak-anak jalanan yang terlantar di jalanan.Anak-anak jalanan itu bermacam-macam ada yang mengais rezeky dengan meminta-minta, ada juga yang mengamen dan ada juga yang berjualan.Anak-anak jalanan itu melakukan hal itu mungkin karena desakan ekonomi dan keadaan pula. Kebanyakan dari mereka tidak bersekolah karena mungkin keterbatasan biaya.tapi terkadang masih ada orang-orang yang mendirikan tempat bagi anak jalanan yang ingin mendapatkan pendidikan.anak jalanan itu biasanya tidak mempunyai tempat tinggal mereka terkadang tidur dimana pun yang menurut mereka aman dan nyaman.

Pada musim hujan seperti ini ojek payung sangat berguna bagi orang-orang yang tidak mempunyai payung ataupun yang kehujanan. Para pengojek payung mengais rezeky ketika hujan turun. seperti contoh di stasiun bogor tercinta, setiap hujan turun sudah banyak pengojek payung yang bersiap mencari orang-orang yang membutuhkan payung nya itu, dengan tarif seiklasnya para pengojek payung itu bisa mendapatkan uang.Kebanyakan pengojek payung itu anak-anak kecil,anak-anak kecil yang menjadi pengojek payung itu setiap hujan datang mereka langsung berebut mencari orang yang ingin memakai payung nya itu.Anak-anak yang mengojekan payung nya itu sepertinya kedinginan terkena hujan, tapi mungkin mereka melakukan itu dengan terpakasa karena desakan ekonomi.

28 April 2009
MANILA, PHILIPPINES - The Asian Development Bank (ADB) will assist the Pacific region to improve economic management and in doing so will help the region weather the impacts of the global economic crisis.

"Sound economic management will be key to the Pacific minimizing the impact of the global downturn," says S. "Sound economic management will be key to the Pacific minimizing the impact of the global downturn," says S. Hafeez Rahman, Director General of ADB's Pacific Department. Hafeez Rahman, Director General of ADB's Pacific Department.

A grant of US$3.5 million will be used to assist ADB's Pacific developing member countries prepare a national response to the global crisis. A grant of U.S. $ 3.5 million will be used to assist the ADB's Pacific developing member countries prepare a national response to the global crisis.

"The technical assistance provides for ADB's contribution to a joint effort by development partners to help the Pacific lessen the effects of the global crisis through improved economic monitoring, and policy analysis," says Craig Sugden, ADB Country Economist and project team leader. "The technical assistance provides for ADB's contribution to a joint effort by development partners to help the Pacific lessen the effects of the global economic crisis through improved monitoring, and policy analysis," says Craig Sugden, ADB Country Economist and project team leader. "The project aims to generate longer-term benefits by helping the Pacific region develop their systems and processes for economic management." "The project aims to generate longer-term benefits by helping the Pacific region develop their systems and processes for economic management."

With the help of mentors, ADB will assist decision makers and senior economic advisers of ADB's Pacific developing member countries apply key lessons learned from the Pacific and other regions toward successful economic reform. With the help of mentors, ADB will assist decision makers and senior economic advisers of ADB's Pacific developing member countries apply the key lessons learned from the Pacific and other regions toward successful economic reform.

Another major activity funded by the grant is the development of a Pacific Economic Monitor. Another major activity funded by the grant is the development of a Pacific Economic Monitor. The monitor will be prepared as a compilation of data and economic analysis of the impact of the global economic crisis. The monitor will be prepared as a compilation of data and economic analysis of the impact of the global economic crisis. The Pacific Economic Monitor will be disseminated widely to raise public awareness of key public policy issues. The Pacific Economic Monitor will be widely disseminated to raise public awareness of key public policy issues.

The ADB technical assistance project will be financed by ADB's technical assistance funding program (TA Special Fund IV). The ADB technical assistance project will be Financed by ADB's technical assistance funding program (TA Special Fund IV). ADB will provide $3 million equivalent, and Pacific developing member country governments will finance the remaining $0.5 million. ADB will provide $ 3 million equivalent, and Pacific developing member country governments will finance the remaining $ 0.5 million.

Resource allocations will depend on prospects for sustainability, the vulnerability of Pacific economies to the global economic crisis, and other development partner activities in this area. Resource allocations will depend on prospects for sustainability, the vulnerability of Pacific economies to the global economic crisis, partners and other development activities in this area.

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Publius: The Journal of Federalism 1991 21 (4) :89-101;
© 1991 by CSF Associates Inc. © 1991 by CSF Associates Inc..

Izevbuwa Osayimwese and Sunday Iyare and Sunday Iyare
OPEC Secretariat OPEC Secretariat
University of Benin University of Benin

Nigeria's economic difficulties are due primarily to public-sector Nigeria's economic difficulties are due primarily to public-sector mismanagement exacerbated by the dynamics of federalism and mismanagement exacerbated by the dynamics of Federalism and state creation and by the growth in centralized federal power. state creation and by the growth in federal Centralized power. Monetary policy has been inadequate, fiscal policy has rewarded Monetary policy has been inadequate, fiscal policy has rewarded state governments but not brought their spending policies in state governments but not brought their spending policies in line with their own resources and with national economic objectives, line with their own resources and with national economic objectives, and resources have been consistently misallocated, largely because and resources have been misallocated consistently, largely because of the principle of "federal character." of the principle of "federal character." Recent efforts to deregulate Recent efforts to deregulate and privatize the economy show promise, but the success of economic and privatize the economy shows promise, but the success of economic development will depend greatly on the future civilian or military development will depend greatly on the future civilian or military governance of Nigeria. governance of Nigeria.

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